https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/37 2026-04-29T15:34:50Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1165 Title: Electric Vehicle Technologies in the Smart Grid Era: A Comprehensive Review Authors: Refaat, Shady S.; Mohammed, Amira; Foqha, Tareq; Syed, Ahmed; Alsadi, Samer; Farrag, Mostafa Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) present an efficient solution for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enhancing grid power quality. They offer multiple advantages over traditional internal combustion engines (ICEs), including lower emissions, reduced dependence on oil, higher energy efficiency, quieter operation, zero emissions, and improved air quality by minimizing the release of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere. However, there is a lack of literature that comprehensively reviews the factors that can facilitate the assimilation of EV technology. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of EV technologies, focusing on the growth of global EV adoption and the various types of EVs, including all-EVs and hybrid EVs (HEVs). The comparative analysis of different HEV technologies is presented, covering full HEVs, mild HEVs, and plug-in HEVs (PHEVs). The paper also discusses the different classifications of HEVs based on electrification level and energy source, along with a comparative analysis of their configurations. Furthermore, the EV architecture is examined, with a specific focus on electric motors, battery management systems (BMSs), batteries, and charging technologies, including conductive and wireless charging systems. The challenges in EV charging and the associated charging standards are also addressed. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for the advancement of EV technologies and infrastructure to overcome the significant barriers to rapid EV adoption, while demonstrating how smart grid technologies enhance EV charging efficiency, grid resilience, and energy sustainability. 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1164 Title: Implementing a Load Shedding Using the Golden Eagle Optimization through the Internet of Things-Based Smart Power Sockets Authors: Jallad, Jafar Abstract: In the event of a power system tripping or overloading, a load-shedding scheme is activated to shed a portion of the load buses and restore the frequency to a stable level. However, this method makes many houses blackout for a long time. This paper presents an approach for implementing a load-shedding scheme at the household level to distribute the total load curtailments among all consumers. The integration between the IoT-based smart sockets and Golden Eagle Optimization (GEO) shows an efficient load-shedding method for preventing a full blackout at the consumer level. The results show an efficient control of load appliance at end user by control room in utility grid to implement a load shedding scheme with optimum total load curtailment. 2025-04-30T00:00:00Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1152 Title: Study and Analysis of The Kafr Rai Electricity Network Authors: Nazzal, Mohammad; Yahya, Faheem; Barahme, Majd; Omari, Osama; Alsadi, Samer; Foqha, Tareq; Elrashidi, Ali; Kanan, Mohammad Abstract: The importance of electricity in our daily lives cannot be overstated, and it has become an essential necessity. Continuous monitoring and analysis of electrical networks are crucial to stay abreast of network conditions, accommodate growing electrical demands, and prevent network issues that could lead to damage and power disruptions for consumers. In this project, we employ the ETAP program to study and analyze the electrical network in Kafr Rai, located in the West Bank of Palestine. Our objective is to identify network problems contributing to electrical losses and decreased reliability. Subsequently, we propose and implement solutions within the ETAP program to enhance network reliability and prevent potential penalties from the electrical supply company. 2024-07-18T00:00:00Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1151 Title: Solving The Problem of Excess Energy from PV Renewable Energy Sources in AAUP Authors: Bani Owda, Ghaydaa; Bshara, Razan; Husain, Yazan; Abu Zahew, Ahlam; Alsadi, Samer; Foqha, Tareq; Elrashidi, Ali; Kanan, Mohammad Abstract: This study addresses the challenge of surplus solar energy production at Tubas Electricity Company (TDECO), driven by a substantial increase in solar power station capacity. With this surge in production, the possibility of excess electrical energy entering the grid becomes a concern, potentially leading to penalties or disconnection of electricity supply. To tackle this issue, the research employs ETAP software to conduct a comprehensive electrical network simulation in Tubas City. This simulation ensures result accuracy and evaluates the impact of new PV systems in 2023. During the project, an innovative approach was explored, involving the modification of load curves. A 5.9% reduction in the tariff for PV solar energy during peak hours incentivized customers to shift their energy consumption. This strategic loadshifting initiative aimed to align peak demand with peak generation times. Additionally, the study explores the feasibility of deploying battery storage systems to absorb excess energy. The analysis indicates that 664 batteries, each with a capacity of 200 Ah, along with 130 charge controllers rated at 250 volts and 120 amperes, would be required for this purpose. Throughout the project, a critical emphasis was placed on identifying solutions that combine cost-effectiveness with high efficiency. The findings demonstrate that both load shifting and battery storage are viable options to address the excess solar energy issue. However, the study ultimately concludes that load shifting presents a more economical and environmentally friendly choice compared to battery storage. Moreover, the ETAP simulation closely aligns with real-time data, reaffirming the applicability of these solutions in practical scenarios. 2024-07-18T00:00:00Z