https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/98 2026-04-29T13:54:20Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/659 Title: Ffect of Olive mill wastewater spreading on soil under different climatic condition in a semi humid area: A field study in Bait Reema – West Bank – Palestine. Authors: Tamimi, N; Schaumann, G E; Marei, A Abstract: Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is generated seasonally in large amounts during the olive oil production in Palestine and it is often discharged in the open environment. OMW has a high amount of phototoxic compounds, high salinity and acidity and therefore is challenging when disposed on soil. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of OMW disposal on soil, and to identify short-term and long-term effects associated to OMW application on soil water chemical interactions. In order to understand how climatic conditions at the time of OMW disposal affect the development of soil properties, we conducted a field study in Bait Reema village in the West Bank – Palestine. The study site is characterized by 1.5 m thick brown rendzina and has an annual average rainfall of 550 mm. On an extensively used olive orchard field, we implemented 16 plots (2.5 x 3.5 m). OMW application (14 L / m 2 ) was conducted either in winter, spring or summer on two replicate plots distributed randomly among the 16 plots. To test the effect of soil moisture on the persistence of OMW effects, we implemented an OMW application in summer on two additional plots, but kept those plots moist for 2 weeks before OMW application until start of the rain season. For each of the treatmant variants, we implemented two control plots which were treated in the same way as their counterparts, but with tap water. Soil samples at 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-25 and 25-35 cm depth were collected after 2 days, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 9 months. EC, pH, soluble cations and anions were determined and analyzed in aqueous soil extracts (1:5), the total phenol content was determined by using Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent, and wettability in the field was determined via WDPT for control and treated plots. While all control plots remained wettable during the whole year, OMW lead induced water repellency in all treatments analysed by now. The extent of hydrophobization was strongest in the dry summer application plots, intermediate in the spring application plots and weakest in the moist summer application. The results of OMW application during spring showed increase in EC, Na, WDPT and total phenols with the highest concentrations found in the upper layer. pH was significantly reduced by OMW application. In addition, we found a secondary acidification also weeks after OMW application, which probably was due to microbial degradation of the N containing organic OMW constituents. Interestingly, most of those effects disappeared after the rain season except for the acidity in deeper layer and K addition. Latter may be due to additional specific K binding in clay minerals. In addition to these effects, seasonal changes of the parameters were observed especially during summer time. 2013-04-01T00:00:00Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/599 Title: Analysis of the Socio-Economic Constraints of Small Ruminants’ Production in West Bank-Palestine Authors: ISTAITIH, YAHYA; MENCET YELBOĞA, Nisa Abstract: The use of water for agricultural production in water scarcity regions requires innovative and sustainable research, and an appropriate transfer of technologies. This paper discuss some of these aspects, mainly relative to on-farm irrigation management including the use of water management practices that can enhance water efficiency, gaining an economic advantage from water unit. In some cases, the necessary knowledge has been provided against several crops and efficient water needs, helping farmers to adapt and implement viable solutions for water scarcity and profitability, thus gaining more benefits from irrigation management. Different scenarios were illustrated in this study to improve irrigation water productivity, water revenue and nutritional value of different strategic crops cultivated in open field (lentil, potato, wheat, olive and dates), and those cultivated under greenhouse conditions (tomatoes, cucumber, eggplants, green beans, sweet pepper). This study indicated that, when farmers use one cubic meter of water in producing different crops cultivated in open field, the higher productivity was indicated for potatoes and olive crops, while for the crops cultivated under greenhouse conditions, the higher productivity was gained for tomatoes then cucumber crops compared to the other investigated crops. Moreover, the highest nutrition revenue from protein by using one cubic meter of water was indicated for lentil and wheat crops comparing to the other investigated crops. Concerning the economic revenue, the highest revenue from one cubic meter of water for open field crops was gained from olive then dates crops, while for protected crops the highest revenue was gained from tomatoes then cucumber crops compared to the other investigated crops. This indicated several polices and scenarios for management of available water demand for facing water scarcity in Palestine. These scenarios aiming in maximizing water productivity, as well as, water profitability from the same unit of water, by selecting a suitable cropping patterns for optimizing crop water use efficiency, maximizing economic water productivity and improving nutritional water productivity. On this basis, more water-efficient management could combine wider productivity benefits with economic advantage for farmers. Description: SOCIOECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS 2018-05-03T00:00:00Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/598 Title: Water Management Practices Based on Crop Oriented Approach for Facing Water Scarcity in Palestine Authors: ISTAITIH, YAHYA; Rahil, Mahmoud H. Abstract: The use of water for agricultural production in water scarcity regions requires innovative and sustainable research, and an appropriate transfer of technologies. This paper discuss some of these aspects, mainly relative to on-farm irrigation management including the use of water management practices that can enhance water efficiency, gaining an economic advantage from water unit. In some cases, the necessary knowledge has been provided against several crops and efficient water needs, helping farmers to adapt and implement viable solutions for water scarcity and profitability, thus gaining more benefits from irrigation management. Different scenarios were illustrated in this study to improve irrigation water productivity, water revenue and nutritional value of different strategic crops cultivated in open field (lentil, potato, wheat, olive and dates), and those cultivated under greenhouse conditions (tomatoes, cucumber, eggplants, green beans, sweet pepper). This study indicated that, when farmers use one cubic meter of water in producing different crops cultivated in open field, the higher productivity was indicated for potatoes and olive crops, while for the crops cultivated under greenhouse conditions, the higher productivity was gained for tomatoes then cucumber crops compared to the other investigated crops. Moreover, the highest nutrition revenue from protein by using one cubic meter of water was indicated for lentil and wheat crops comparing to the other investigated crops. Concerning the economic revenue, the highest revenue from one cubic meter of water for open field crops was gained from olive then dates crops, while for protected crops the highest revenue was gained from tomatoes then cucumber crops compared to the other investigated crops. This indicated several polices and scenarios for management of available water demand for facing water scarcity in Palestine. These scenarios aiming in maximizing water productivity, as well as, water profitability from the same unit of water, by selecting a suitable cropping patterns for optimizing crop water use efficiency, maximizing economic water productivity and improving nutritional water productivity. On this basis, more water-efficient management could combine wider productivity benefits with economic advantage for farmers. Description: WATER MANAGEMENT 2018-11-18T00:00:00Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/472 Title: The role of crop residues and agro-industrial by-products in filling the deficit of animal feedstuffs in Palestine Authors: Badran, Iyad Abstract: In spite of its potential , livestock productivity in Palestine is low because of a shortage of feed and forage. Efforts are, however, now being directed toward the establishment of permanent research and development programs aimed at increasing animal productivity, using local resources. Crop residue , agro industrial by-products that are not at present widely utilized can fill at least part of the gap between supply of and demand for conventional feed resources. This paper provides information about the total number of by products available in Palestine, which range around 1.7000000 ton/yearly. For that different solutions are available for treatment of these by product which describes methods for upgrading nutritional, storage, and handling qualities of by-products for improving their performance of animals. silage making, feed block, hay feeding after urea treatment , are the most methods which can be used for treatments of byproducts in Palestine. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z