https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1036 Wed, 29 Apr 2026 15:35:39 GMT 2026-04-29T15:35:39Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1139 Title: The reality of professional development programs in light of the requirements of the fourth industrial revolution in UNRWA schools in the West Bank from Teachers' perceptions Authors: Awwad, Ahmad; Hello, Ghassan Abstract: The study aimed to identify the reality of professional development programs for teachers in the light of (IR4) requirements in UNRWA schools in the West Bank from the teachers' point of view. The study population consisted of all (1713) school teachers in UNRWA in the West Bank. The sample of the study was a simple random stratification consisting of (405) individuals, or (24%) of the study population. The study used the descriptive analytical method, and the questionnaire was used to collect the study data. One of the most important findings of the study is that the degree of reality of professional development programs for teachers in the light of (IR4) requirements is low, and that there are statistically significant differences in the total degree of reality of professional development programs for teachers due to the gender variable in favor of females, and the variable of years of experience in favor of more years of experience. On the other hand, the educational region variable did not achieve a statistically significant difference. In conclusion, the study recommended the need to encourage teachers to develop their technological and digital capabilities and skills. Sun, 19 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1139 2023-02-19T00:00:00Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1138 Title: The role of agricultural extension in reducing the risks that the Palestinian farmer is exposed to in the southern West Bank Authors: Alatawneh, Haroon Abstract: The study aimed to identify the role of agricultural extension in reducing the risks faced by Palestinian farmers in the south of the West Bank. The questionnaire was developed and distributed to a random sample of (300) Palestinian farmers in the southern West Bank. the study concluded The degree of the respondents' response about the agricultural risks to which the Palestinian farmer is exposed in the governorates of Hebron and Bethlehem was high, as the arithmetic mean for it was (3.41) with a standard deviation of (0.39), as the highest degree of response was in the field that deals with political risks (the occupation). with an arithmetic mean of (3.43) with a standard deviation of (0.488), while the degree of response was high in the field that searches for natural risks with an arithmetic mean of (3.42)and a standard deviation of (0.601) and the risks related to the economic aspect were medium with an arithmetic mean of (3.39) and a standard deviation ( 0.666), and that there is a statistically significant relationship between agricultural extension andreducing risks to the Palestinian farmer (natural, economic, political/occupation). In light of this, the study recommended the necessity of strengthening agricultural extension and adopting different methods of delivering information to farmers. Sun, 19 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1138 2023-02-19T00:00:00Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1137 Title: Building and codifying optimism and pessimism measures for players of elite clubs in the Premier Volleyball League Authors: Farhood, Nidaa; Mohammed, Khaleel; Khudair, Muwafaq Abstract: The research aims: Building optimism and pessimism scales for volleyball players, and the sports season 2021-2022, scores and standard levels for the scale. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive method is followed by the survey method The research community was also selected from the Premier League players for the 2021-2022 season, numbering 104 players representing 13 teams. As for the research sample, the researchers chose the whole community, as the sample was divided into reconnaissance (10), a building sample (44), and a legalization sample (50). The researchers drafted the paragraphs in proportion to the volleyball player, and then extracted the scientific foundations for it, and after extracting the scientific foundations The researchers reached the standard scores and levels, and the researchers reached some conclusions and recommendations. It was reached to build a measure of optimism and pessimism. The standard grades and levels of the scale were determined, and the two researchers recommended the need to provide all means and methods for the players and their continuous guidance for optimism. The need to conduct other studies on a sample different from the current sample. Sun, 19 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1137 2023-02-19T00:00:00Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1136 Title: Focusing attention and its relationship to shooting accuracy among junior handball players in Jordan Authors: Al-Maaita, Ahmad; Shalan, Maen; Bani Hani, Zainul Abidin Abstract: This study aimed to identify the degree of concentration of attention and its relationship to the accuracy of shooting among junior handball players in Jordan, and the descriptive approach was used. The attention focus network and the shooting accuracy test as tools for data collection, the results of the study showed a positive correlation between the degree of concentration of attention and accuracy of shooting among handball juniors in Jordan, and the study recommended emphasizing coaches using the determination equation that was found in the study when selecting handball juniors. Sun, 19 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1136 2023-02-19T00:00:00Z