https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/901 Wed, 29 Apr 2026 17:06:42 GMT 2026-04-29T17:06:42Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1017 Title: Detection of Colletotrichum coccodes causing anthracnose fruit rots in tomato using electronic nose Authors: Shahwan, Shorouq Abstract: Colletotrichum coccodes are the most known Colletotrichum isolates to be hard to control. Once the tomato gets infected with C. coccodes, the anthracnose develops within a few days. Therefore, early detection of the fungal infection is vital for successful prevention and effective treatment of the infected fields. This study aimed to employ the electronic nose (EN), with metal-oxide sensors (MOS), to sense the presence of C. coccodes on tomato fruits at different stages and concentrations. Identification of C. coccodes was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), where the identification of C. coccode fungus was achieved using three different primer sets: ITS1F/ITS4, Cc1F1/Cc2R1, and Cc1NF1/Cc2NR1. In which ITS1F/ITS4 was a general primer set for most Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. Cc1F1/Cc2R1 primer set was a specific primer to Colletotrichum spp., which gives a 447 bp product, and Cc1NF1/Cc2NR1 was a unique primer to C. coccodes, which results in a 349 bp product. In addition, three homogeneous tomato samples were injected with three different concentrations: 30*103 , 30*104 and 30*105 conidial fungal suspension, three other tomatoes were used as negative controls, and all were measured using an EN device every two days for ten days. Specific primers (ITS1F/ITS4, Cc1F1/Cc2R1, and Cc1NF1/Cc2NR1) could recognize and specify C. coccode fungus using a suitable PCR program and sequencing. xiv The data acquired from the EN sensors were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). It was found that the EN device could sense pathogen occurrence at early stages, i.e. after two days of the infection, and before the appearance of any symptoms, where the PCA scores plot explained 100% of the total variance. In addition, the overall scores plot explained 100% of the total variance indicating the ability of EN to differentiate between different stages of infection duration ( i.e. second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth day). Moreover, the concentration of the infected samples was clearly differentiated on the sixth, eighth and tenth days. Sun, 05 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/1017 2022-06-05T00:00:00Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/964 Title: Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effects of Laurus nobilis leaf Extract as a Fresh Meat Preservative Authors: Hamdan, Mahmoud Abstract: Fresh red meats especially sheep meats, by their nature are nutritious and easily metabolisable and therefore offer suitable substrates for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. Foodborne disease is a cluster of microbial or toxic gastrointestinal diseases, which results from consuming contaminated food with certain microbial agents or their toxins. Prevention of food spoilage and food poisoning pathogens is usually achieved by the use of chemical preservatives which have negative effects on human health. The purpose of this thesis is to find a potentially valuable, healthy safer and natural alternative preservative. The objectives of present work are concentrated on the screening of sheep meat samples for the presence of lipid food poisoning bacteria, investigating the antimicrobial activity of Laurus nobilis extracts against lipid food poisoning bacteria, and detecting the duration that can the fatty food be preserved by antioxidant and antimicrobial action of Laurus nobilis leaf. Samples of sheep meat were collected and bacterial 2 contaminants were isolated and identified by specific biochemical techniques, and sequence of the 16SrRNA gene. Antimicrobial activity of Laurus nobilis extract was investigated against all isolates using agar well diffusion technique. Thirty four bacterial isolates were isolated and identified. Methanol extraction of Laurus nobilis leaves produced the maximum essential oil yield than ethanol extraction. Gram-positive isolates were more affected by antimicrobial effect of Laurus nobilis extract than gram-negative isolates. In addition, Laurus nobilis extract has the ability to increase the shelf-life of sheep meat to 13 days with accepted features at refrigerator, and to three days at room temperature by using spraying method. The thesis results showed that Laurel extract has the potential to be used as natural alternative preventive to control food poisoning diseases and preserve foodstuff avoiding health hazards of chemically antimicrobial agent applications. Mon, 18 Nov 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/964 2019-11-18T00:00:00Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/963 Title: Bioremediation of Olive Mill Wastewater (Zibar) using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Potential use in Agriculture Authors: Iwissat, Sajida Abstract: The manufacturing process of olive oil yields a black liquid waste called ‘olive mill wastewater’ (Zibar) creating a major environmental problem. Due to high levels of phytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds such as monomeric-polymeric phenols, volatile acids and polyalcohol, Zibar is toxic to plants and soil micro flora and can affect the soil quality. Proposed physio-chemical processes such as evaporation ponds or lagoons have not been efficient in decreasing the high toxicity of Zibar to reduce the ecological impact of Zibar, due to economic and technical reasons. Bioremediation using microorganisms is considered an environmentally compatible and least expensive altrantive. In this work, four fungal isolates were tested for their efficacy in reducing the total polyphenols from Zibar. Erlenmeyer flasks (125 ml) each containing 25 ml of Zibar were inoculated each with 5 PDA discs (7 mm grown with the fungi). The flasks were placed on a rotary shaker at 150 rpm for two weeks, at optimum temperature for each isolate. Before extraction of total polyphenols, fungal biomass was 2 removed by filtration. After that, 2.5 ml of treated Zibar was diluted to 50% with distilled water, acidified to pH 2.0 with 5M HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v), which was evaporated under fuming hood for 24h. The residue was dissolved in 2.5 ml methanol and the volume was completed to 25 ml with distilled water. Total phenol concentration was determined spectrophotometrically at 725nm using Folin reagent. Results of this work showed that all fungal isolates were able to grow on Zibar. However, only one isolate showed significant reduction of total phenols. The concentration of phenols in the presence of isolate OMWW2 was 57.75 mg/ml compared to 159.27 mg/ml in the control untreated water. In addition to obtain percernt of germination approximatly 83% in 100% T Zibar, with no significant differences in germination percent compared with water soaked seeds as control. While the germination percent in untreated Zibar was 0%. This isolate was identified by sequencing as Paecilomyces sp., F BTUL-E1 isolate, in Eurotiomycetes class of fungi. Wed, 24 Jul 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/963 2019-07-24T00:00:00Z https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/962 Title: Isolation, Identification, Pathogenicity bioassay and Mass production of Indigenous Isolate of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Authors: Husien, Hadeel Abstract: The high incidence rates of red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Palestine consider as serious threat to palm industry; due to the sudden death of the whole trees. In this study, different Palestinian indigenous entomopathogens were isolated from different locations in the West Bank such as entomopathogenic fungi, entomopathogenic bacteria, entomopathogenic nematodes and entomopathogenic viruses. The entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae were identified morphologically and molecularly, then their pathogenicity against the RPW was evaluated. Results showed that they have a significant effective against RPW. Thus they could be considered as alternative to the chemical control. Results also revealed that mass production of these indigenous entomopathogenic fungi could be carried out by using cheap and affordable agricultural by-products, that enhances the activity and provide date palm growers alternative active bio-control agents in a wide scale and for a long term control. Mon, 22 Jul 2019 00:00:00 GMT https://scholar.ptuk.edu.ps/handle/123456789/962 2019-07-22T00:00:00Z